前言
我们以下的所有操作均在PL/Sql Developer工具上完成:
我们以下的表操作可能会基于以下两张表:
我们创建一个员工表和部门表:
员工信息表
- create table EMP(
- EMPNO NUMBER,
- ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
- JOB VARCHAR2(9),
- MGR NUMBER,
- HIREDATE DATE,
- SAL BINARY_DOUBLE,
- COMM BINARY_DOUBLE,
- DEPTNO NUMBER
- );
其中job是职位,mgr是该员工的上司的id,sal是工资,comm是提成,deptno是所属部门。
SQL> select * from emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
————— ——————– —————— ————— ————– —– —– —————
1110 张三 主管 1110 12-3月 -14 5200 0 20
1111 李四 销售 1116 03-11月-15 3400 500 30
1112 王五 销售 1116 25-4月 -12 4400 800 30
1113 赵二 后勤 1110 30-5月 -11 3450 0 40
1114 李磊磊 会计 1110 22-12月-15 2500 0 50
1115 张少丽 销售 1110 11-3月 -16 2400 1400 30
1116 林建国 主管 1116 22-1月 -16 5700 0 20
1117 马富邦 后勤 1116 22-7月 -13 2800 0 40
1118 沈倩 会计 1116 06-5月 -10 2100 0 50
部门表
- create table dept(
- DEPTNO NUMBER,
- DNAME VARCHAR2(50)
- );
SQL> select * from dept t;
DEPTNO DNAME
——– ——–
20 管理部门
30 销售部门
40 后勤部门
50 金融部门
(1)实例1:统计每年入职的员工个数
可能用到的sql:
select to_char(hiredate,’yyyy’) from emp;
语句:
- declare
- cursor cemp is select to_char(hiredate,‘yyyy’) from emp;
- phiredate varchar2(4);
- –计数器(2010-2016的入职人数统计)
- count10 number := 0;
- count11 number := 0;
- count12 number := 0;
- count13 number := 0;
- count14 number := 0;
- count15 number := 0;
- count16 number := 0;
- begin
- open cemp;
- loop
- –取一个数据
- fetch cemp into phiredate;
- exit when cemp%notfound;
- –判断
- if phiredate = ‘2010’ then count10:=count10+1;
- elsif phiredate = ‘2011’ then count11:=count11+1;
- elsif phiredate = ‘2012’ then count12:=count12+1;
- elsif phiredate = ‘2013’ then count13:=count13+1;
- elsif phiredate = ‘2014’ then count14:=count14+1;
- elsif phiredate = ‘2015’ then count15:=count15+1;
- else count16:=count16+1;
- end if;
- end loop;
- close cemp;
- –输出
- dbms_output.put_line(‘total:’||(count10+count11+count12+count13+count14+count15+count16));
- dbms_output.put_line(‘2010:’||count10);
- dbms_output.put_line(‘2011:’||count11);
- dbms_output.put_line(‘2012:’||count12);
- dbms_output.put_line(‘2013:’||count13);
- dbms_output.put_line(‘2014:’||count14);
- dbms_output.put_line(‘2015:’||count15);
- dbms_output.put_line(‘2016:’||count16);
- end;
- /
结果
(2)实例2:涨工资
为员工涨工资,从最低工资调起,每人涨10%,但工资总额不能超过5万元,
请计算涨工资的人数和涨工资后的工资总额,并输出涨工资人数和工资总额。
可能用到的sql:
select empno,sal form emp order by sal;
select sum(sal) from emp;
语句:
- declare
- psal emp.sal%type;
- pempno emp.empno%type;
- s_sal emp.sal%type; –总工资数
- counts number := 0; –涨工资的人数
- cursor cemp is select empno,sal from emp order by sal;
- begin
- select sum(sal) into s_sal from emp;
- open cemp;
- loop
- exit when s_sal+psal*0.1>50000;
- fetch cemp into pempno,psal;
- exit when cemp%notfound;
- update emp set sal=sal+sal*0.1 where empno=pempno;
- counts := counts+1;
- s_sal:=s_sal+psal*0.1;
- end loop;
- close cemp;
- dbms_output.put_line(‘涨工资人数:’||counts);
- dbms_output.put_line(‘工资总额:’||s_sal);
- end;
- /
运行前:
运行后:
(3)实例3:统计工资段
用PL/SQL语言编写一程序,实现按部门分段(6000以上、(6000,3000)、3000元以下)
统计各工资段的职工人数、以及各部门的工资总额(工资总额不包括奖金),参考如下格式:
可能用到的sql:
select sal form emp where deptno=??;
select sum(sal) from emp where deptno=??;
我们一共有5个部门。
语句:
方法1(没有用到带参数的光标):
- declare
- psal emp.sal%type;
- pdeptno emp.deptno%type;
- cursor cemp is select sal,deptno from emp order by deptno;
- counts201 number := 0;counts202 number := 0;counts203 number := 0;
- s20_sal number := 0;
- counts301 number := 0;counts302 number := 0;counts303 number := 0;
- s30_sal number := 0;
- counts401 number := 0;counts402 number := 0;counts403 number := 0;
- s40_sal number := 0;
- counts501 number := 0;counts502 number := 0;counts503 number := 0;
- s50_sal number := 0;
- begin
- open cemp;
- loop
- fetch cemp into psal,pdeptno;
- exit when cemp%notfound;
- if pdeptno=’20’
- then
- s20_sal:=s20_sal+psal;
- if psal<3000 then
- counts201:=counts201+1;
- elsif psal>=3000 and psal<=6000 then
- counts202:=counts202+1;
- else
- counts203:=counts203+1;
- end if;
- elsif pdeptno=’30’
- then
- s30_sal:=s30_sal+psal;
- if psal<3000 then
- counts301:=counts301+1;
- elsif psal>=3000 and psal<=6000 then
- counts302:=counts302+1;
- else
- counts303:=counts303+1;
- end if;
- elsif pdeptno=’40’
- then
- s40_sal:=s40_sal+psal;
- if psal<3000 then
- counts401:=counts401+1;
- elsif psal>=3000 and psal<=6000 then
- counts402:=counts402+1;
- else
- counts403:=counts403+1;
- end if;
- elsif pdeptno=’50’
- then
- s50_sal:=s50_sal+psal;
- if psal<3000 then
- counts501:=counts501+1;
- elsif psal>=3000 and psal<=6000 then
- counts502:=counts502+1;
- else
- counts503:=counts503+1;
- end if;
- end if;
- end loop;
- close cemp;
- dbms_output.put_line(‘部门 小于3000数 3000-6000 大于6000 工资总额’);
- dbms_output.put_line(’20 ‘||counts201||‘ ‘||counts202||‘ ‘||counts203||‘ ‘||s20_sal);
- dbms_output.put_line(’30 ‘||counts301||‘ ‘||counts302||‘ ‘||counts303||‘ ‘||s30_sal);
- dbms_output.put_line(’40 ‘||counts401||‘ ‘||counts402||‘ ‘||counts403||‘ ‘||s40_sal);
- dbms_output.put_line(’50 ‘||counts501||‘ ‘||counts502||‘ ‘||counts503||‘ ‘||s50_sal);
- end;
- /
方法2(用到了带参数的光标):
- declare
- –部门
- dbms_output.put_line(‘部门 小于3000数 3000-6000 大于6000 工资总额’);
- cursor cdept is select deptno from dept;
- pdno dept.deptno%type;
- –部门中的员工
- cursor cemp(dno number) is select sal from emp where deptno=dno;
- psal emp.sal%type;
- –各个段的人数
- count1 number;count2 number;count3 number;
- –部门的工资总额
- salTotal number;
- begin
- open cdept;
- loop
- –取部门
- fetch cdept into pdno;
- exit when cdept%notfound;
- –初始化
- count1 :=0;count2:=0;count3:=0;
- select sum(sal) into salTotal from emp where deptno=pdno;
- –取部门中的员工
- open cemp(pdno);
- loop
- fetch cemp into psal;
- exit when cemp%notfound;
- –判断
- if psal<3000 then count1:=count1+1;
- elsif psal>=3000 and psal<6000 then count2:=count2+1;
- else count3:=count3+1;
- end if;
- end loop;
- close cemp;
- –输出
- dbms_output.put_line(pdno||‘ ‘||count1||‘ ‘||count2||‘ ‘||count3||‘ ‘||nvl(salTotal,0));
- end loop;
- close cdept;
- end;
- /
结果:
看一下表中的数据
上述结果完全正确。
未经允许不得转载:JX BLOG » 【oracle学习】8.PLSQL练习
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